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Three scripts are currently used for the Tatar language: Arabic (in China), Cyrillic (in Tatarstan and Kazakhstan) and Latin (unofficially). ==History of Tatar writing== Before 1928, the Tatar language was usually written using the Arabic alphabet. The Tatar Arabic alphabet used some letters such as چ and پ also found in the Persian modification of the Arabic alphabet, and in addition used ﯓ which is called nef or sağır kef The writing system was inherited from Bolgar. See İske imlâ. The most ancient of Tatar literature (in Bolgar) was created in the beginning of the 13th century. (''Qíssai Yosıf'' by Qol-Ğäli). Until 1905 all literature was in Old Tatar, which was evolved from the Bolgar, which differed from modern Tatar. Since 1905 gazettes came to use modern Tatar in publishing. In 1918 the alphabet was revised (see: Yaña imlâ; some letters for Tatar sounds were added, some Arabic letters were deleted). A Latin alphabet (Jaᶇalif) was used from 1928 but superseded by a Cyrillic alphabet in 1939. The Cyrillic alphabet has been used ever since. The first printed Tatar book used the Armenian alphabet in the 17th century and was printed in Leipzig (However, this is disputed). Another is Peter the Great's ''Manifest'', printed in Arabic script on the tsar's ship during his voyage to Astrakhan. Printed books appeared en masse in 1801 when the first private typography ("Oriental typography") in Kazan appeared. The first unsuccessful attempt to publish a Tatar newspaper was in 1808, when professor of mathematics at Kazan University, I.I. Zapolsky, proposed publishing a newspaper "The Kazan News" in both Russian and Tatar languages. Zapolsky's untimely death in 1810 thwarted the project. The first successful attempt to publish a newspaper in Tatar was in 1905. On September 2, the first issue of the newspaper "Nur" was published in St. Petersburg by Gataulla Bayazitov. The second Tatar newspaper, "Kazan Muhbire," came into existence on October 29, 1905. The publisher of the newspaper was a member of the Kazan City Council, Saidgirey Alkin. The first typewriter in the Arabic alphabet was created in Tatarstan in the 1920s. See Janalif (typewriter) The Tatar Cyrillic script requires the Russian alphabet plus 6 extra letters: Әә, Өө, Үү, Җҗ, Ңң, Һһ. Before the 1980s, in the listing of the alphabet, extra letters were placed after the Russian ones, but in the 1990s the order was modified with extra letters listed after their pairmates. The Keräşen Tatar ethnic group has used another Cyrillic alphabet, based on Russian, since the 19th century. This alphabet requires the Russian alphabet with pre-1917 orthography for Russian Christian religious words and Cyrillic letters А, О, У with umlauts for Tatar vowels and the ligature НГ (Ng). This alphabet is related to the Mari alphabet and was used because Christian Tatars couldn't use the Arabic script. File:Tatar Latin Janalif Arabic 1927.png|Tatar Latin Janalif and Tatar Arabic script, 1927 File:Borongi bolgarlar Gaziz cover.jpg|Cover page of a Tatar Yana imla book printed in 1924 File:Хальфин Азбука татарского языка 1778.pdf|A Tatar alphabet book printed in 1778. Arabic script is used, Cyrillic text is in Russian. (Хальфин, Сагит. Азбука татарского языка. — М., 1778. — 52 с. ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tatar alphabet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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